The Coravin needle goes through the cork without causing any major damage. When pouring wine, argon gas flows in the opposite direction, preventing oxygen from getting into the bottle, coming into contact with the wine, and gradually spoiling it. After removing the needle, the cork closes automatically. The replaceable screw cap used for screw-top bottles works in the same way, with the piercing center consisting of a self-sealing silicone membrane.
For a better idea, watch the video below: